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Examples include: [17] [18] Lang and Witbrock (1988) [19] trained a fully connected feedforward network where each layer skip-connects to all subsequent layers, like the later DenseNet (2016). In this work, the residual connection was the form x ↦ F ( x ) + P ( x ) {\displaystyle x\mapsto F(x)+P(x)} , where P {\displaystyle P} is a randomly ...
Example of a naïve roofline plot where two kernels are reported. The first (vertical dashed red line) has an arithmetic intensity O 1 {\displaystyle O_{1}} that is underneath the peak bandwidth ceiling (diagonal solid black line), and is then memory-bound .
The torch.class(classname, parentclass) function can be used to create object factories . When the constructor is called, torch initializes and sets a Lua table with the user-defined metatable , which makes the table an object .
Oriented Line Integral Convolution (OLIC) solves this issue by using a ramp-like asymmetric kernel and a low-density noise texture. [8] The kernel asymmetrically modulates the intensity along the streamline, producing a trace that encodes orientation; the low-density of the noise texture prevents smeared traces from overlapping, aiding readability.
Animation of how cross-correlation is calculated. The left graph shows a green function G that is phase-shifted relative to function F by a time displacement of 𝜏. The middle graph shows the function F and the phase-shifted G represented together as a Lissajous curve. Integrating F multiplied by the phase-shifted G produces the right graph ...
Given a function: from a set X (the domain) to a set Y (the codomain), the graph of the function is the set [4] = {(, ()):}, which is a subset of the Cartesian product.In the definition of a function in terms of set theory, it is common to identify a function with its graph, although, formally, a function is formed by the triple consisting of its domain, its codomain and its graph.
For example, a set of points on a line in n-space transforms to a set of polylines in parallel coordinates all intersecting at n − 1 points. For n = 2 this yields a point-line duality pointing out why the mathematical foundations of parallel coordinates are developed in the projective rather than euclidean space.
Here some test functions are presented with the aim of giving an idea about the different situations that optimization algorithms have to face when coping with these kinds of problems. In the first part, some objective functions for single-objective optimization cases are presented.