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The Duke of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: duca di Parma e Piacenza) was the ruler of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a historical state of Northern Italy. It was created by Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese) for his son Pier Luigi Farnese. [1] It existed between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1859.
The Duchy would thus be inherited by his first son with Elisabeth, Infante Carlos of Spain, who reigned as Duke Charles I of Parma and Piacenza. He ruled his territories for four years until the end of the War of the Polish Succession , when, according to what was established in the Treaty of Vienna (1738) , he handed over both duchies to the ...
The House of Farnese (/ f ɑːr ˈ n eɪ z i,-z eɪ /, also US: /-eɪ s i /, [1] [2] Italian: [farˈneːze,-eːse]) was an influential family in Renaissance Italy.The titles of Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Duke of Latera and Duke of Castro were held by various members of the family.
The history of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a former state on the Italian Peninsula whose capital was the city of Parma, begins in 1545 and ends in 1860. The duchy was established due to nepotism practiced by Pope Paul III and was initially governed by the Farnese family , to which the pontiff belonged.
His first notable act as Duke was an alliance with France in 1633, a move designed to counter Spanish predominance in northern Italy and support his territorial ambitions. He also asked for loans to improve the army, but his first campaigns were ineffective: Piacenza was occupied by the Spanish troops, and his army was defeated by Francesco I d ...
Alexander Farnese (Italian: Alessandro Farnese, Spanish: Alejandro Farnesio; 27 August 1545 – 3 December 1592) was an Italian noble and condottiero, who was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1586 to 1592, as well as Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1578 to 1592.
In 1556, the second Duke, Ottavio Farnese, was given the city of Piacenza, becoming thus also Duke of Piacenza, and so the state was thereafter properly known as the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza. The House of Farnese continued to rule the duchies until 1731 and the death of the last male-line duke, Antonio .
Charles III (Spanish: Carlos Sebastián de Borbón y Farnesio; [a] 20 January 1716 – 14 December 1788) was King of Spain in the years 1759 to 1788. He was also Duke of Parma and Piacenza, as Charles I (1731–1735); King of Naples, as Charles VII; and King of Sicily, as Charles III (1735–1759).