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The volume of the bladder may be increased by bladder augmentation. ... Bladder cancer is more common after the age of 40, and more common in men than women; ...
The most common cause of urinary retention is BPH. This disorder starts around age 50 and symptoms may appear after 10–15 years. BPH is a progressive disorder and narrows the neck of the bladder leading to urinary retention. By the age of 70, almost 10 percent of males have some degree of BPH and 33% have it by the eighth decade of life.
The ability to voluntarily inhibit micturition develops by the age of two–three years, as control at higher levels of the central nervous system develops. In the adult, the volume of urine in the bladder that normally initiates a reflex contraction is about 300–400 millilitres (11–14 imp fl oz; 10–14 US fl oz).
The urine volume is measured (this shows how efficiently the bladder empties). High volumes (180 ml) may be associated with urinary tract infections. [5] A volume of greater than 50 ml in children has been described as constituting post-void residual urine. [6] High levels can be associated with overflow incontinence.
Overactive bladder affects approximately 11% of the population and more than 40% of people with overactive bladder have incontinence. [5] [6] Conversely, about 40% to 70% of urinary incontinence is due to overactive bladder. [7] Overactive bladder is not life-threatening, [1] but most people with the condition have problems for years. [1]
Normal human bladder storage capacity varies from person to person and is considered 400–600 mL. [18] A bladder storage disorder is any factor that increases the frequency of small volume voids. These factors are usually related to lower urinary tract symptoms that affect the capacity of the bladder. Some patients with nocturia have neither ...
Bladder symptoms affect women of all ages. However, bladder problems are most prevalent among older women. [80] Women over the age of 60 years are twice as likely as men to experience incontinence; one in three women over the age of 60 years are estimated to have bladder control problems. [74]
Nocturnal polyuria is defined as having more than 130% of the expected bladder capacity, which is specific for each age. [17] Many children with nocturnal enuresis have altered nighttime secretion levels of antidiuretic hormone, which controls water retention in the body. [17]