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The Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata has a resource-free mating system, meaning males do not provide during mating or defend their territories against other males. [8] Guppies demonstrate one of the highest levels of female multiple mating in the fish species.
As for house mice, multiple male mating was observed even when females had the opportunity to select their mate without sexual coercion, showing that it was due to female choice. [18] In the fly Dryomyza anilis, females favor matings with quick oviposition. [20]
Similar sexual dimorphism and mating choice are also observed in many fish species. For example, male guppies have colorful spots and ornamentations, while females are generally grey. Female guppies prefer brightly colored males to duller males. [18] [page needed]
Sigmoid display of male guppy. Female mating choice may also be influenced by another female's choice. In an experiment, female guppies watched two males, one solitary and the other actively courting another female, and were given a choice between the two. Most females spent a longer time next to the male that was courting. [34]
Female guppies tend to exhibit mate-choice copying by employing visual observation of a demonstrator female's mate choice.. Mate-choice copying requires a highly developed form of social recognition by which the observer (i.e. copier) female recognizes the demonstrator (i.e. chooser) female when mating with a target male and later recognizes the target male to mate with it. [4]
Female assessment of the males (see Female Mate Choice) plays a role in the number of males opting to use an alternative mating technique. [6] Females are likely to not choose to mate with males of a lower quality, so these males will have to adopt alternative mating techniques in order to mate.
Guppies are located across several isolated streams in Trinidad and male colour patterns differ geographically. Female guppies have no coloration but their preference for these colour patterns also vary across locations. In a mate choice study, female guppies were shown to prefer males with colour patterns that are typical of their home stream ...
Cryptic female choice is a form of mate choice which occurs both in pre- and post-copulatory circumstances in which females of certain species use physical or chemical mechanisms to control a male's success of fertilizing their ova or ovum; i.e. by selecting whether sperm are successful in fertilizing their eggs or not.