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The term brown rot replaced the general use of the term dry rot, as wood must be damp to decay, although it may become dry later. Dry rot is a generic name for certain species of brown-rot fungi. Brown-rot fungi of particular economic importance include Serpula lacrymans (true dry rot), Fibroporia vaillantii (mine fungus), and Coniophora ...
Chemically, wood attacked by dry rot fungi is decayed by the same process as other brown rot fungi. An outbreak of dry rot within a building can be an extremely serious infestation that is hard to eradicate, requiring drastic remedies to correct. Significant decay can cause instability and cause the structure to collapse.
In trees, heart rot is a fungal disease that causes the decay of wood at the center of the trunk and branches. Fungi enter the tree through wounds in the bark and decay the heartwood . The diseased heartwood softens, making trees structurally weaker and prone to breakage.
Inonotus andersonii, also known as oak canker-rot and heart rot, is a species of resupinate polypore fungus that forms fruiting bodies underneath tree bark. [1] I. andersonii induces canker rot in oak, hickory, cottonwood, and willow trees. [2] [3] Wood that has been infected by this species appears bleached of color and crumbles easily.
[2] [1] While it is known as "dry rot", this is a misnomer linked to the resulting decay of the wood being powdery and cracked; the fungus, like many fungi, does require moisture. [3] It is highly sensitive to temperatures above its range when compared to other rots.
Decomposition or rot is the process by which dead organic substances are broken down into simpler organic or inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide, water, simple sugars and mineral salts. The process is a part of the nutrient cycle and is essential for recycling the finite matter that occupies physical space in the biosphere .
Usually, wood rots quickly when it’s exposed to the elements, which has left us with little evidence of how our ancient relatives used the material, Barham explained.
Spalting is divided into three main types: pigmentation, white rot, and zone lines.Spalted wood may exhibit one or all of these types in varying degrees. Both hardwoods and softwoods can spalt, but zone lines and white rot are more commonly found on hardwoods due to enzymatic differences in white rotting fungi.