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The vapor-liquid equilibrium line (the curved line from (0,0) to (1,1) in Figure 1) represents the vapor phase composition for a given liquid phase composition at equilibrium. Vertical lines drawn from the horizontal axis up to the x = y line indicate the composition of the inlet feed stream, the composition of the top (distillate) product ...
The construction of a liquid vapor phase diagram assumes an ideal liquid solution obeying Raoult's law and an ideal gas mixture obeying Dalton's law of partial pressure. A tie line from the liquid to the gas at constant pressure would indicate the two compositions of the liquid and gas respectively. [14]
Such vapor–liquid equilibrium information is useful in designing columns for distillation, especially fractional distillation, which is a particular specialty of chemical engineers. [1] [2] [3] Distillation is a process used to separate or partially separate components in a mixture by boiling (vaporization) followed by condensation ...
Residue curve map of the ternary mixture of chloroform, methanol, and acetone The ternary mixture of chloroform, methanol and acetone has three binary azeotropes and one ternary azeotrope. Together with the three pure components the system has seven nodes which altogether form four distallation regions.
Within the dome itself, there is a liquid–vapor mixture. This two-phase region is commonly referred to as the “wet” region. The percentage of liquid and vapor can be calculated using vapor quality. [2] The triple state line is where the three phases (solid, liquid, and vapor) exist in equilibrium.
If a gap exists between the solidus and liquidus it is called the freezing range, and within that gap, the substance consists of a mixture of solid and liquid phases (like a slurry). Such is the case, for example, with the olivine ( forsterite - fayalite ) system, which is common in Earth's mantle .
Mixing of liquids occurs frequently in process engineering. The nature of liquids to blend determines the equipment used. Single-phase blending tends to involve low-shear, high-flow mixers to cause liquid engulfment, while multi-phase mixing generally requires the use of high-shear, low-flow mixers to create droplets of one liquid in laminar, turbulent or transitional flow regimes, depending ...
In a fluid mixture like a petroleum gas or oil there are lots of molecule types, and within this mixture there are families of molecule types (i.e. groups of fluid components). The simplest group is the n-alkanes which are long chains of CH 2-elements. The more CH 2-elements, or carbon atoms, the longer molecule. Critical viscosity and critical ...