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Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin ...
Vellum is a finer quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as lambs and young calves. The generic term animal membrane is sometimes used by libraries and museums that wish to avoid distinguishing between parchment and vellum.
A New Testament uncial is a section of the New Testament in Greek or Latin majuscule letters, written on parchment or vellum. This style of writing is called Biblical Uncial or Biblical Majuscule. New Testament uncials are distinct from other ancient texts based on the following differences:
Parchment (vellum) was a common way to produce manuscripts. [13] Manuscripts eventually transitioned to using paper in later centuries with the diffusion of paper making in the Islamic empire. When Muslims encountered paper in Central Asia, its use and production spread to Iran, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, and North Africa during the 8th century.
Mary Cassatt, Young Woman in a Black and Green Bonnet, 1890, pastel on tan wove paper, Princeton University Art Museum. Wove paper is a type of paper first created centuries ago in the Orient, and subsequently introduced to England, Europe and the American colonies in the mid-eighteenth century. [1]
While vellum is often made using calfskin, kidskin can also be used and in some cases, was preferred. David Laurent de Lara, describing himself as illuminating artist to Queen Victoria, favoured Italian kid vellum for his work. [4] A form of early medieval parchment, called carta lustra, acting as tracing paper was made using kidskin. [5]
The surface texture is either plate or vellum. Plate finish is as smooth as glass [ citation needed ] , and is very good for pen and ink. Vellum (or kid ) finish is a medium texture more appropriate to friction-based media, such as crayon, chalks, or charcoal.
It replaced the scroll over time because it overcame at least seven problems that limited the scroll's function and readability. (1) Scrolls were relatively expensive to produce. Codices could easily be written and read on both sides of the page, halving the amount of paper or vellum required to hold the same amount of content.