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Tolkien's influence reached role-playing games as early as 1974 with Gary Gygax's Dungeons & Dragons; this was followed by many Middle-earth video games, some directly licensed and others based on Tolkienian fantasy culture. Tolkien's fantasies have been illustrated by artists such as John Howe, Alan Lee, and Ted Nasmith, who have become known ...
It was the advent of high fantasy, in particular J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, which allowed fantasy to truly enter into the mainstream. Tolkien had published The Hobbit in 1937 and The Lord of the Rings in the 1950s; while the first was a fairy tale fantasy, the second was an epic fantasy that expanded upon the ...
Tolkien has been called the "father" of modern fantasy. [14] The author and editor of Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, Brian Attebery, writes that fantasy is defined "not by boundaries but by a centre", which is The Lord of the Rings. [15] Many later fantasy writers have either imitated Tolkien's work, or have written in reaction against ...
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (/ ˈ r uː l ˈ t ɒ l k iː n /, [a] 3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer and philologist.He was the author of the high fantasy works The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.
Indeed, the literary fairy tale developed so smoothly into fantasy that many later works (such as Max Beerbohm's The Happy Hypocrite and George MacDonald's Phantastes) that would now be called fantasies were called fairy tales at the time they written. [33] J. R. R. Tolkien's seminal essay on fantasy writing was titled "On Fairy Stories."
Scholars including Nick Groom place Tolkien in the tradition of English antiquarianism, where 18th century authors like Thomas Chatterton, Thomas Percy, and William Stukeley created a wide variety of antique-seeming materials much as Tolkien did, including calligraphy, invented language, forged medieval manuscripts, genealogies, maps, heraldry ...
Forty-two years ago today on September 2, 1973, the world lost literary great J.R.R. Tolkien, creator of the famed "Lord of the Rings" and "Hobbit" series.
An orc (sometimes spelt ork; / ɔːr k / [1] [2]), [3] in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy fiction, is a race of humanoid monsters, which he also calls "goblin".. In Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, orcs appear as a brutish, aggressive, ugly, and malevolent race of monsters, contrasting with the benevolent Elves.