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Sequence evolution at least in mtDNA is known to proceed much more slowly in some turtles and tortoises than in others; [5] the rate of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene in Testudo is probably a rather low 1.0–1.6% per million years (as this fits best the paleobiogeographical situation), limiting the resolution provided by molecular systematics.
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Testudo hermanii [sic] Gerlach, 2001 ; Testudo hermannii [sic] Claude & Tong, 2004 (ex errore) Eurotestudo hermanni — de Lapparent de Broin et al., 2006; T. h. boettgeri. Testudo graeca var. boettgeri Mojsisovics, 1889; Testudo graeca var. hercegovinensis F. Werner, 1899; Testudo enriquesi Parenzan, 1932; Testudo hermanni boettgeri — Bour, 1987
The Jackson ratio is calculated by taking the weight of the tortoise in grams and dividing it by the cube of the length of the tortoise's carapace in centimeters. [1] This is essentially a value of the density of the tortoise in g/cm 3. The optimal value for this ratio is 0.21 with a range of 0.18–0.22 being acceptable for hibernation.
The species was described by Louis Michel François Doyère in 1840; he placed it in the genus Emydium. [1]G. Ramazzotti and W. Maucci classified E. filamentos mongoliensis Iharos, 1973 [4] as a synonym of E. testudo in 1983; this was followed by other tardigradologists. [5]
Testudo hellenica is an extinct genus of tortoise of the genus Testudo from the Miocene Nea Messimvria Formation (Zone MN 10) of Greece. [1] T. hellenica is the earliest known crown-Testudo from Greece (according to Garcia et al., 2020), since the next oldest Testudo species, T. marmorum, from Greece come from the Turolian (7.3-7.2 ma) Pikermi beds.
Testudo, the Mediterranean tortoises, are a genus of tortoises found in North Africa, Western Asia, and Europe. Several species are under threat in the wild, mainly from habitat destruction . Background
Grading in education is the application of standardized measurements to evaluate different levels of student achievement in a course. Grades can be expressed as letters (usually A to F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), percentages, or as numbers out of a possible total (often out of 100).