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The first protease inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Ritonavir: Norvir: AbbVie: U.S. patent 5,541,206: March 1, 1996: AbbVie was part of Abbott Laboratories when patent was granted. As well as being a protease inhibitor in its own right, ritonavir inhibits the breakdown of other protease inhibitors.
It is also possible that NS5A is a critical component during HCV replication and subcellular localization, which may shed light on the poorly understood HCV life cycle. [ 1 ] [ 4 ] Additionally, NS5A has been shown to modulate the polymerase activity of NS5B , an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) . [ 3 ]
HCV is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that has been demonstrated to replicate in the hepatocytes of both humans and chimpanzees. A single HCV polyprotein is translated, and then cleaved by cellular and viral proteases into three structural proteins (core, E1, and E2) and seven nonstructural proteins (p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B).
HCV genome. Nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is a viral protein found in the hepatitis C virus (HCV). [1] It is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, having the key function of replicating HCV's viral RNA by using the viral positive RNA strand as a template to catalyze the polymerization of ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTP) during RNA replication.
Diagnosing patients is generally a challenge as patients with acute illness often present with mild, non-specific flu-like symptoms, [75] while the transition from acute to chronic is sub-clinical. [76] Chronic hepatitis C is defined as infection with the hepatitis C virus persisting for more than six months based on the presence of its RNA. [18]
PCR inhibitors are any factor which prevent the amplification of nucleic acids through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). [1] PCR inhibition is the most common cause of amplification failure when sufficient copies of DNA are present. [2] PCR inhibitors usually affect PCR through interaction with DNA or interference with the DNA polymerase.
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