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The Blockade of Germany, or the Blockade of Europe, occurred from 1914 to 1919. The prolonged naval blockade was conducted by the Allies during and after World War I [1] in an effort to restrict the maritime supply of goods to the Central Powers, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. The blockade is considered one of ...
The U-boat campaign from 1914 to 1918 was the World War I naval campaign fought by German U-boats against the trade routes of the Allies, largely in the seas around the British Isles and in the Mediterranean, as part of a mutual blockade between the German Empire and the United Kingdom.
The First World War: An Agrarian Interpretation (1991), on food supply of Britain and Germany; Osborne, Eric. Britain's Economic Blockade of Germany, 1914-1919 (2004) Richie, Alexandra. Faust's Metropolis: a History of Berlin (1998), pp. 234–83. Ryder, A. J. The German Revolution of 1918 (Cambridge University Press, 1967) Siney, Marion. The ...
Merchant flag of German Reich variant with the Iron Cross: 1933–1935: Merchant flag of German Reich (Handelsflagge) A red field, with a white disc with a black swastika at a 45-degree angle. Disc and swastika are exactly in the centre. [citation needed] 1933–1935: Merchant flag of German Reich variant with the Iron Cross (Eisernes Kreuz ...
While the British had not destroyed the German fleet and had lost more ships and lives than their enemy, the Germans had retreated to harbour; at the end of the battle, the British were in command of the area. Britain enforced the blockade, reducing Germany's vital imports to 55%, affecting the ability of Germany to fight the war. [131] [132]
Naval warfare in World War I was mainly characterised by blockade. The Allied powers, with their larger fleets and surrounding position, largely succeeded in their blockade of Germany and the other Central Powers, whilst the efforts of the Central Powers to break that blockade, or to establish an effective counter blockade with submarines and commerce raiders, were eventually unsuccessful.
The Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I (sometimes called the "First Battle of the Atlantic", in reference to the World War II campaign of that name) was the prolonged naval conflict between German submarines and the Allied navies in Atlantic waters –the North Sea, the seas around the British Isles, and the coast of France.
The German Navy's pre-war planning held that the British would be compelled to mount either a direct attack on the German coast to defeat the High Seas Fleet, or to put in place a close blockade. Either course of action would permit the Germans to whittle away at the numerical superiority of the Grand Fleet with submarines and torpedo boats.