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Thus the upper arm in humans is proximal and the hand is distal. "Proximal and distal" are frequently used when describing appendages, such as fins, tentacles, and limbs. Although the direction indicated by "proximal" and "distal" is always respectively towards or away from the point of attachment, a given structure can be either proximal or ...
The distal radioulnar articulation [1] (also known as the distal radioulnar joint, [2] or inferior radioulnar joint [1] [3]) is a synovial pivot joint between the two bones in the forearm; the radius and ulna. It is one of two joints between the radius and ulna, the other being the proximal radioulnar articulation.
By using precise anatomical terms, such as "proximal," "distal," "palmar," or "dorsal," this ambiguity is eliminated, ensuring clear communication. To standardize this system of terminology, Terminologia Anatomica was established as an international reference for anatomical terms.
Fractures of the styloid process of the ulna seldom require treatment when they occur in association with a distal radius fracture. The major exception is when the joint between these bones, the distal radioulnar joint (or DRUJ), is unstable. When the DRUJ is unstable, the ulnar styloid may require independent treatment.
The arrows point in the following directions: distal ←, mesial →, coronal ↑, apical ↓. Distal The direction toward the gingiva beyond the tooth furthest from the anterior midline (the 'most posterior tooth' or last tooth) in each quadrant of a dental arch , as opposed to mesial , which refers to the direction toward the anterior midline .
Distal radius fractures are the most common fractures seen in adults and children. [4] Distal radius fractures account for 18% of all adult fractures with an approximate rate of 23.6 to 25.8 per 100,000 per year. [25] For children, both boys and girls have a similar incidence of these types of fractures, however the peak ages differ slightly.
The lower extremity of femur (or distal extremity) is the lower end of the femur (thigh bone) in human and other animals, closer to the knee. It is larger than the upper extremity of femur, is somewhat cuboid in form, but its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior; it consists of two oblong eminences known as the lateral condyle and medial condyle.
The head or distal extremity presents a convex articular surface, oblong from above downward, and extending farther backward below than above. Its sides are flattened, and on each is a depression, surmounted by a tubercle , for ligamentous attachment.