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Reaction–diffusion systems are mathematical models that correspond to several physical phenomena. The most common is the change in space and time of the concentration of one or more chemical substances: local chemical reactions in which the substances are transformed into each other, and diffusion which causes the substances to spread out ...
Diffusion is of fundamental importance in many disciplines of physics, chemistry, and biology. Some example applications of diffusion: Sintering to produce solid materials (powder metallurgy, production of ceramics) Chemical reactor design; Catalyst design in chemical industry; Steel can be diffused (e.g., with carbon or nitrogen) to modify its ...
Fick's first law relates the diffusive flux to the gradient of the concentration. It postulates that the flux goes from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, with a magnitude that is proportional to the concentration gradient (spatial derivative), or in simplistic terms the concept that a solute will move from a region of high concentration to a region of low ...
Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical potential .
Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface. For example, this surface might be the air/water interface of a water body, the surface of a gas bubble in a liquid, a gas-permeable membrane, or a biological membrane that forms the boundary between an organism and its extracellular environment.
There are some notable similarities in equations for momentum, energy, and mass transfer [7] which can all be transported by diffusion, as illustrated by the following examples: Mass: the spreading and dissipation of odors in air is an example of mass diffusion. Energy: the conduction of heat in a solid material is an example of heat diffusion.
This category contains articles concerning transport phenomena of diffusion. Pages in category "Diffusion" The following 66 pages are in this category, out of 66 ...
Fractional diffusion equations were introduced in order to characterize anomalous diffusion phenomena. Examples of anomalous diffusion in nature have been observed in ultra-cold atoms, [3] harmonic spring-mass systems, [4] scalar mixing in the interstellar medium, [5] telomeres in the nucleus of cells, [6] ion channels in the plasma membrane ...