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Tracheal intubation refers to the insertion of a tube down the trachea. [18] This procedure is commonly performed during surgery , in order to ensure a person receives enough oxygen when sedated. The catheter is connected to a machine that monitors the airflow, oxygenation and several other metrics.
Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, [1] are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals. They include conditions of the respiratory tract including the trachea , bronchi , bronchioles , alveoli , pleurae , pleural cavity , the nerves and muscles of respiration .
Complications of lower airway obstruction, often from chronic diseases, include: Chronic hypoxia: Prolonged obstruction reduces oxygen supply. This leads to fatigue, confusion, and eventual organ damage. [1] [page needed] Cor Pulmonale: Persistent low oxygen levels can strain the right side of the heart. This can lead to right-sided heart failure.
Laryngotracheal stenosis is an umbrella term for a wide and heterogeneous group of very rare conditions. The population incidence of adult post-intubation laryngotracheal stenosis which is the commonest benign sub-type of this condition is approximately 1 in 200,000 adults per year. [10] The main causes of adult laryngotracheal stenosis are:
Mechanical: vascular injury, pneumothorax (by placing pulmonary artery catheter), tracheal injury/stenosis (result of intubation and/or irritation by endotracheal tube) Nutritional: malnutrition (catabolic state), electrolyte abnormalities; Other complications that are typically associated with ARDS include: [9]
Vascular disease is a class of diseases of the vessels of the circulatory system in the body, including blood vessels – the arteries and veins, and the lymphatic vessels. Vascular disease is a subgroup of cardiovascular disease .
A 2020 study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which involved more than 80,000 adults hospitalized with the flu, reported that 1 in 8 patients (nearly 12%) had an ...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels. [3] CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases (e.g. angina, heart attack), heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease ...