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The public sector in many countries is organized at three levels: Federal or National, Regional (State or Provincial), and Local (Municipal or County). Partial outsourcing (of the scale many businesses do, e.g. for IT services) is considered a public sector model. A borderline form is as follows:
For most governments around the world, the majority of government spending takes place at the federal/national level. As of 2019, in the United States, approximately 55% of government spending is spent by the federal government, while the remaining 45% of government spending is spent by state and local government.
Three sectors according to Fourastié Clark's sector model This figure illustrates the percentages of a country's economy made up by different sector. The figure illustrates that countries with higher levels of socio-economic development tend to have less of their economy made up of primary and secondary sectors and more emphasis in tertiary sectors.
Currency-users at all levels (national, regional and local) need to raise revenue from a variety of sources to finance public-sector expenditures. They are not in control of the currency that their jurisdiction transacts in and so are restricted by what revenue they can raise prior to executing spending policies.
In the former Eastern Bloc countries, the public sector in 1989 accounted for between 70% and over 90% of total employment. [5] In China a full 78.3% of the urban labor force were employed in the public sector by 1978, the year the Chinese economic reform was launched, after which the rates dropped.
In the House, 327 members, and 76 Senators voted to stand with around 3 million retired firefighters, police officers, teachers, and other public sector workers who also receive pension payments ...
[3] The Local Public Sector Alliance defines local government institutions as "a corporate body (or institutional unit) that performs one or more public sector functions within a [local] jurisdiction that has adequate political, administrative, and fiscal autonomy and authority to respond to the needs and priorities of its constituents". [4]
The same study found that organizations with a female in the top leadership role had more women in second-level leadership positions. In 2016, women made up 43.3% of the federal executive branch workforce. [6]