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There are seven verb paradigms or speech levels in Korean, and each level has its own unique set of verb endings which are used to indicate the level of formality of a situation. Unlike honorifics – which are used to show respect towards someone mentioned in a sentence – speech levels are used to show respect towards a speaker's or writer's ...
Verb endings constitute a large and rich class of morphemes, indicating such things in a sentence as tense, mood, aspect, speech level (of which there are 7 in Korean), and honorifics. Prefixes and suffixes are numerous, partly because Korean is an agglutinative language .
Korean verbs are conjugated. Every verb form in Korean has two parts: a verb stem, simple or expanded, plus a sequence of inflectional suffixes. Verbs can be quite long because of all the suffixes that mark grammatical contrasts. A Korean verb root is bound, meaning that it never occurs without at least one suffix. These suffixes are numerous ...
Modifiers generally precede the modified words, and in the case of verb modifiers, can be serially appended. The sentence structure or basic form of a Korean sentence is subject–object–verb (SOV), but the verb is the only required and immovable element and word order is highly flexible, as in many other agglutinative languages. Question
Translates to: "from" (ablative) when used with a motion verb. May also be used as "at", "in" (locative) when used with an action verb which is not motion related. Noun (from) Junggugeseo wasseo. 중국에서 왔어. I came from China. Noun (in) Bang-eseo gongbu-reul haet-da. 방에서 공부를 했다. I studied in my room.
The speech of Jeju Island is not mutually intelligible with standard Korean, suggesting that it should be treated as a separate language. [33] Standard 15th-century texts include a back central unrounded vowel /ʌ/ (written with the Hangul letter ㆍ ), which has merged with other vowels in mainland dialects but is retained as a distinct vowel in Jeju. [34]
Some words experience tensification of initial plain consonants, in both native and Sino-Korean words. It is proscribed in normative Standard Korean, but may be widespread or occur in free variation in certain words. [36] Examples: 가시 /kasi/ "1) thorn; 2) worm" is pronounced 까시 /k͈asi/
Sino-Korean words constitute a large portion of South Korean vocabulary, the remainder being native Korean words and loanwords from other languages, such as Japanese and English to a lesser extent. Sino-Korean words are typically used in formal or literary contexts, [5] and to express abstract or complex ideas. [7]