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Orion (Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle or Orion MPCV) is a partially reusable crewed spacecraft used in NASA's Artemis program. The spacecraft consists of a Crew Module (CM) space capsule designed by Lockheed Martin that is paired with a European Service Module (ESM) manufactured by Airbus Defence and Space .
The Orion MPCV is the major crewed element of NASA's current Artemis Program. The vehicle undertook its first flight with the SLS in 2022 on Artemis 1 and the first crewed flight is currently scheduled for No earlier than September of 2025 on Artemis 2. [16] Lockheed Martin has been contracted for up to 12 vehicles. [17]
The Ares-V development SLS is used in place of the earlier iteration Ares-V, an Orion capsule is included instead of a mass simulator for this test flight, which sends Orion on a test mission around the Moon, that was not part of the mission list for Constellation; which had Orion-13 as the first Moon mission, that was crewed, including lunar ...
Artemis II (2026) is planned to be the first crewed test flight of SLS and the Orion spacecraft. [5] The four crew members will perform extensive testing in Earth orbit, and Orion will then be boosted into a free-return trajectory around the Moon , which will return Orion to Earth for re-entry and splashdown.
Orion's orientation during flight affected radiation exposure, which dropped by half when the spacecraft made a 90-degree turn flying past the inner Van Allen belt.
At the top of the Ares I-X flight test vehicle was a combined Orion crew module and launch abort system simulator, resembling the structural and aerodynamic characteristics of Ares I. The full-scale crew module (CM) is approximately 16 feet (4.9 m) in diameter and 7 feet (2.1 m) tall, while the launch abort system (LAS) is 46 feet (14 m) long.
Orion spacecraft outfitted interior, 2021. The Artemis II mission plan is to send four astronauts in the first crewed Orion spacecraft into a lunar flyby using the Block 1 variant of the Space Launch System. The mission profile is a multi-trans-lunar injection (MTLI), or multiple departure burns, and includes a free-return trajectory from the Moon.
First crewed flight, carrying four crew members on a circumlunar free-return trajectory. Artemis 3: Mid-2027 [6] TBA: SLS Block 1 Crew Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B: ≈30d Carrying Artemis III mission hardware. First lunar landing of the Artemis program. [7] Artemis 4: September 2028 [8] [9] TBA: SLS Block 1B Crew Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B ...