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Due to natural variation, individuals pass through the Tanner stages at different rates, depending in particular on the timing of puberty.Among researchers who study puberty, the Tanner scale is commonly considered the "gold standard" for assessing pubertal status when it is conducted by a trained medical examiner. [5]
Growth charts have been constructed by observing the growth of large numbers of healthy children over time. The height , weight , and head circumference of a child can be compared to the expected parameters of children of the same age and sex to determine whether the child is growing appropriately.
By doing this, doctors can track a child's growth over time and monitor how a child is growing in relation to other children. There are different charts for boys and girls because their growth rates and patterns differ. For both boys and girls there are two sets of charts: one for infants ages 0 to 36 months and another for ages 2 and above.
In 2004, the World Health Organization began planning new growth chart references that could be used in all countries based on the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS) (1997–2003). [2] The MGRS was a multifaceted study which gathered data from 8,500 children from widely differing ethnic backgrounds and cultural settings. [2]
Maximal adult height is achieved at an average age of 15 years for an average female and 18 years for an average male. Potential fertility (sometimes termed nubility) usually precedes completion of growth by 1–2 years in females and 3–4 years in males. Stage 5 typically represents maximal gonadal growth and adult hormone levels.
Typically grows at a similar rate to the previous month, usually growing between 1 and 1.5 inches (2.5 and 3.8 cm) and gaining about 2 pounds (910 g). [23] Resting heart rate is usually between 80 and 160 beats per minute, and it typically stays within that range until the infant is about one year old. [18] Motor development
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The median (50th percentile) growth curves for males and females 0−20 years in the United States. The study of height is known as auxology. [11] Growth has long been recognized as a measure of the health of individuals, hence part of the reasoning for the use of growth charts. For individuals, as indicators of health problems, growth trends ...