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The Achaemenid Empire borrows its name from the ancestor of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the empire, Achaemenes.The term Achaemenid means "of the family of the Achaemenis/Achaemenes" (Old Persian: ππ§π πΆπ΄π‘π, romanized: HaxΔmaniš; [24] a bahuvrihi compound translating to "having a friend's mind"). [25]
The history of the Achaemenid dynasty is mainly known through Greek historians, such as Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon.Additional sources include the Hebrew Bible, other Jewish religious texts, and native Iranian sources.
The name used in European languages (Ancient Greek: αΌχαιμΞνης (AchaiménΔs), Latin: Achaemenes) ultimately derives from Old Persian HaxΔmaniš (ππ§π πΆπ΄π‘π), as found together with Elamite π©ππ‘π½π‘π (Ha-ak-ka-man-nu-iš or Hâkamannuiš) and Akkadian ππ©π ππ πͺ (A-αΈ«a-ma-ni-iš-ΚΎ ) in the non-contemporaneous trilingual Behistun ...
Bust of Shapur II (r. 310–379) of the Sasanian Empire, the longest-reigning monarch in Iranian history. The monarchs of Iran (or Persia) [a] were the rulers of the various states and civilizations in Iran from antiquity until the abolition of the Iranian monarchy in the Iranian Revolution (1979).
Darius I (Old Persian: ππ πΌπΉπΊπ’π DΔrayavaΚ°uš; c. 550 – 486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was the third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE.
Achaemenid architecture includes all architectural achievements of the Achaemenid Persians manifesting in construction of spectacular cities used for governance and inhabitation (Persepolis, Susa, Ecbatana), temples made for worship and social gatherings (such as Zoroastrian temples), and mausoleums erected in honor of fallen kings (such as the burial tomb of Cyrus the Great).
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Achaemenid coin, an imitation of an Athenian coin type, of the sort found in the Kabul hoard. [5]Around 535 BCE, the Persian king Cyrus the Great initiated a protracted campaign to absorb parts of India into his nascent Achaemenid Empire. [1]