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Allografts (using bone or tissue from another body, either a cadaver or a live donor). Bridge-enhanced ACL repair (using a bio-engineered bridging scaffold injected with the patient's own blood). Synthetic tissue for ACL reconstruction has also been developed, but little data exists on its strength and reliability. [citation needed]
ACL reconstruction is a commonly practiced technique for ACL injury, conducted on 30% of patients, which manages to restore stability to the knee structure. [2] [14] Traditional ACL reconstructions uses autografts or allografts which demand a long rehabilitation time and in most cases, develop donor morbidity in the long term. [11]
ACL injuries in children are a challenge because children have open growth plates in the bottom of the femur or thigh bone and on the top of the tibia or shin. An ACL reconstruction typically crosses the growth plates, posing a theoretical risk of injury to the growth plate, stunting leg growth, or causing the leg to grow at an unusual angle. [18]
Injuries to the ACL are common, 250,000 ACL injuries occur on an annual basis. This corresponds to a 1 in 3,000 chance of an individual sustaining an ACL injury. Ligaments in the ACL or meniscus are usually torn with an external force being applied to the knee joint. The ACL can be torn without an external force being applied [11]
Relative to the femur, the ACL keeps the tibia from slipping forward and the PCL keeps the tibia from slipping backward. Another structure of this type in human anatomy is the cruciate ligament of the dens of the atlas vertebra, also called "cruciform ligament of the atlas", a ligament in the neck forming part of the atlanto-axial joint .
A cadaver, often known as a corpse, is a dead human body. Cadavers are used by medical students , physicians and other scientists to study anatomy , identify disease sites, determine causes of death, and provide tissue to repair a defect in a living human being.
Cadaver used during a frontal impact test. Detroit's Wayne State University was the first to begin serious work on collecting data on the effects of high-speed collisions on the human body. In the late 1930s there was no reliable data on how the human body responds to the sudden, violent forces acting on it in an automobile accident.
Body brokers (or non-transplant tissue banks) engage in the acquisition of cadavers, often via offers of free cremation, and then subsequently process the cadaver and resell body parts in a largely unregulated national market. [18] [19]