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Bromus comes from a Greek word for a type of oat, and tectorum comes from tector which means overlaying and tectum which means roof. [2] Bromus tectorum is a winter annual grass native to Eurasia usually germinating in autumn, overwintering as a seedling, then flowering in the spring or early summer. [9]
It has been shown that while some native desert plant species have seeds with self-burial mechanisms that can establish readily in crusted areas, many exotic invasive plants do not. Therefore, the presence of biological soil crusts may slow the establishment of invasive plant species such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). [21]
Bromus is a large genus of grasses, classified in its own tribe Bromeae. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They are commonly known as bromes , brome grasses , cheat grasses or chess grasses . Estimates in the scientific literature of the number of species have ranged from 100 to 400, but plant taxonomists currently recognize around 160–170 species.
Bromus ciliatus (fringed brome; native) Bromus inermis (smooth brome; introduced from Eurasia) Bromus kalmii (prairie brome, Kalm's brome; native) Bromus latiglumis (early-leaved brome; native) Bromus pubescens (hairy woodland brome; native) Bromus secalinus (rye brome; introduced from Eurasia) Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass; introduced from Eurasia)
Several exotic grasses have come into these sagebrush ecosystem and have been labeled noxious weeds which is determined by the agricultural authority. The two main annual grasses that are causes much of the problems are: Bromus tectorum or cheatgrass and Agropyron cristatum or chested wheatgrass. [4]
"Obligate seeders" are plants with large, fire-activated seed banks that germinate, grow, and mature rapidly following a fire, in order to reproduce and renew the seed bank before the next fire. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Seeds may contain the receptor protein KAI2, that is activated by the growth hormones karrikin released by the fire.
Bromus japonicus is an annual or biennial tufted grass growing 0.2–1 m (7.9 in – 3 ft 3.4 in) high. The culms are erect or ascending. The sheaths of the grass are pubescent, though upper sheaths are occasionally glabrous.
A study was conducted to determine a better understanding of the nutritional potency of Ephedra Nevadensis compared Ephedra with orchardgrass hay (Dactylis glomerata) and cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum). It was determined that Ephedra scored second in terms of having the most ammoniacal nitrogen, while also scoring highest in Ruminal pH.