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Several 19th-century European doll companies preceded American doll companies in manufacturing Black dolls. These predecessors include Carl Bergner of Germany, who made a three-faced doll with one face of a crying black child and the other two, happier white faces. In 1892, Jumeau of Paris advertised Black and mixed-race dolls with bisque heads ...
Hurricane Katrina marked a major event in American as well as African American history. Katrina made landfall on August 29, 2005, forcing more than 800,000 people to evacuate the Gulf Coast. It was the largest displacement of people in US history and the situation quickly took on a national scope as 45 states provided disaster relief services.
The price at the time for an Ella Smith doll ranged from $1.15 to $12.15 depending on size, clothing and hair. A tenth of her dolls were painted black to resemble African American girls. She was likely the first manufacturer to market dolls based on people of African descent in the Southern United States.
Ideal, via the Betsy Wetsy doll, was also one of the first doll manufacturers to produce an African American version of a popular doll. [32] In 2003, the Toy Industry Association named Betsy Wetsy to its Century of Toys List, a compilation commemorating the 100 most memorable and most creative toys of the 20th century.
The doll's face sculpts would also continue to be used on African American versions of Barbie dolls, and for Barbie's black friends. Asha's face sculpt is notable for unofficially becoming the new face for Barbie's black friend Christie, as the face sculpt got used most frequently for Christie and African American versions of Barbie.
Tammy was a 12" fashion doll created by the Ideal Toy Company that debuted at the 1962 International Toy Fair. [1] Advertised as "The Doll You Love to Dress", Tammy was portrayed as a young American teenager, more "girl next door" than the cosmopolitan image of Mattel's Barbie, or American Character's Tressy.