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The absorption coefficient of a volume, denoted μ a, and the scattering coefficient of a volume, denoted μ s, are defined the same way as the attenuation coefficient. [ 6 ] The attenuation coefficient of a volume is the sum of absorption coefficient and scattering coefficients: [ 6 ]
absorption coefficient is essentially (but not quite always) synonymous with attenuation coefficient; see attenuation coefficient for details; molar absorption coefficient or molar extinction coefficient , also called molar absorptivity , is the attenuation coefficient divided by molarity (and usually multiplied by ln(10), i.e., decadic); see ...
Mass attenuation coefficients of selected elements for X-ray photons with energies up to 250 keV. The mass attenuation coefficient, or mass narrow beam attenuation coefficient of a material is the attenuation coefficient normalized by the density of the material; that is, the attenuation per unit mass (rather than per unit of distance).
An overview of absorption of electromagnetic radiation.This example shows the general principle using visible light as a specific example. A white light source—emitting light of multiple wavelengths—is focused on a sample (the pairs of complementary colors are indicated by the yellow dotted lines).
A typical spectrum of Earth's total outgoing (upwelling) thermal radiation flux under clear-sky conditions, as simulated with MODTRAN. Planck curves are also shown for a range of Earth temperatures. The emissivity of a planet or other astronomical body is determined by the composition and structure of its outer skin.
The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state.
In physics, the attenuation length or absorption length is the distance λ into a material when the probability has dropped to 1/e that a particle has not been absorbed. Alternatively, if there is a beam of particles incident on the material, the attenuation length is the distance where the intensity of the beam has dropped to 1/ e , or about ...
Metal K-edge spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique used to study the electronic structures of transition metal atoms and complexes.This method measures X-ray absorption caused by the excitation of a 1s electron to valence bound states localized on the metal, which creates a characteristic absorption peak called the K-edge.