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Media related to Romanian Revolution of 1989 at Wikimedia Commons; Article on justice failing for 942 killed in Revolution on eve of 20th anniversary; Video of Nicolae Ceaușescu's final speech in Republican Square; Anonymous Photo Essay about the Romanian Revolution of 1989; TV broadcasts from 22 and 23 December 1989
Nicolae Ceaușescu (/ tʃ aʊ ˈ ʃ ɛ s k uː / chow-SHESK-oo; Romanian: [nikoˈla.e tʃe̯a.uˈʃesku] ⓘ; 26 January [O.S. 13 January] 1918 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian politician who was the second and last communist leader of Romania, serving as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989.
The Socialist Republic of Romania (Romanian: Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989). From 1947 to 1965, the state was known as the Romanian People's Republic (Republica Populară Romînă, RPR).
Under Nicolae Ceaușescu, both abortion and contraception were forbidden. Ceaușescu believed that population growth would lead to economic growth. [1] In October 1966, Decree 770 was enacted, which banned abortion except in cases in which the mother was over forty years of age or already had four children in care. [2]
The full English title refers to the setting of the film and the time of day at which Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu fled following the revolution, 12:08 pm on 22 December 1989. The original Romanian title roughly translates to "Was it, or was it not?", referring to the film's central issue: did Vaslui have any part in the 1989 revolution?
Though Romania was the last of the Warsaw Pact countries to succumb to revolution in 1989, this sentiment captures the social and economic volatility of Romania in the late 1980s. The Brașov Revolt reflected this instability; moreover, it was one of the first large-scale public uprisings against the Ceaușescu regime.
The Romanian regime was largely impervious to Soviet political influence, and Ceaușescu was the only declared opponent of glasnost and perestroika. Due to the conflictual relationship between Bucharest and Moscow, the West did not hold the Soviet Union responsible for the policies pursued by Romania, as it did for other countries in the region ...
Romanian state television announced that Nicolae Ceaușescu had been responsible for the deaths of 60,000 people; [3] the announcement did not make clear whether this was the number killed during the Romanian Revolution in Timișoara [4] [5] [6] or throughout the 24 years of Ceaușescu's rule. Nevertheless, the charges did not affect the trial.