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The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin: mediastinus, lit. 'midway'; [2] pl.: mediastina) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity.Surrounded by loose connective tissue, it is a region that contains vital organs and structures within the thorax, namely the heart and its vessels, the esophagus, the trachea, the vagus, phrenic and cardiac nerves, the thoracic duct, the thymus and the lymph ...
The diaphragm typically appears as two separate, curved outlines (hemidiaphragms) on a chest X-ray due to the heart and mediastinum obscuring its central portion. When air accumulates in the mediastinum or peritoneal cavity, it outlines the diaphragm, making its central portion visible and creating the appearance of a continuous line. [4]
The mediastinum comprises those organs which lie in the centre of the chest between the lungs. The cavity also contains two openings one at the top, the superior thoracic aperture also called the thoracic inlet , and a lower inferior thoracic aperture which is much larger than the inlet.
The bony skeletal part of the thoracic wall is the rib cage, and the rest is made up of muscle, skin, and fasciae.. The chest wall has 10 layers, namely (from superficial to deep) skin (epidermis and dermis), superficial fascia, deep fascia and the invested extrinsic muscles (from the upper limbs), intrinsic muscles associated with the ribs (three layers of intercostal muscles), endothoracic ...
In humans, the left and right lungs are completely separated by the mediastinum, and there is no communication between their pleural cavities.Therefore, in cases of a unilateral pneumothorax, the contralateral lung will remain functioning normally unless there is a tension pneumothorax, which may shift the mediastinum and the trachea, kink the great vessels, and eventually collapse the ...
The brachiocephalic artery, brachiocephalic trunk, or innominate artery is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm, head, and neck. [1] [2] It is the first branch of the aortic arch. [3] Soon after it emerges, the brachiocephalic artery divides into the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery. [4]
Drainage Territories: Although these trunks generally drain the mediastinum, lungs, and associated structures, the specific regions of the thorax drained by each trunk can vary. This is particularly important in surgical settings, such as during lymph node dissections or in evaluating the lymphatic spread of thoracic cancers.
The mediastinal branches are numerous small vessels which supply the lymph glands and loose areolar tissue in the posterior mediastinum. References