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The diagram shows the shape and location of most of these components: antihelix forms a 'Y' shape where the upper parts are: Superior crus (to the left of the fossa triangularis in the diagram) Inferior crus (to the right of the fossa triangularis in the diagram) Antitragus is below the tragus; Aperture is the entrance to the ear canal
The splanchnocranium consists of cartilage and endochondral bone. In mammals, the splanchnocranium comprises the three ear ossicles (i.e., incus, malleus, and stapes), as well as the alisphenoid, the styloid process, the hyoid apparatus, and the thyroid cartilage. [2]
The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM) is a pathway running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The adult human ear canal extends from the auricle to the eardrum and is about 2.5 centimetres (1 in) in length and 0.7 centimetres (0.3 in) in diameter.
Skull fractures that go through the part of the skull containing the ear structures (the temporal bone) can also cause damage to the middle ear. [42] A cholesteatoma is a cyst of squamous skin cells that may develop from birth or secondary to other causes such as chronic ear infections. It may impair hearing or cause dizziness or vertigo, and ...
The extrinsic auricular muscles are the three muscles surrounding the auricula or outer ear: anterior auricular muscle; superior auricular muscle; posterior auricular muscle; The superior muscle is the largest of the three, followed by the posterior and the anterior. In some mammals these muscles can adjust the direction of the pinna.
In all tetrapods the cartilage partially ossifies (changes to bone) at the rear end of the jaw and becomes the articular bone, which forms part of the jaw joint in all tetrapods except mammals. [1] In some extinct mammal groups like eutriconodonts, Meckel's cartilage still connected otherwise entirely modern ear bones to the jaw. [2]
The outer ear funnels sound vibrations to the eardrum, increasing the sound pressure in the middle frequency range. The middle-ear ossicles further amplify the vibration pressure roughly 20 times. The base of the stapes couples vibrations into the cochlea via the oval window , which vibrates the perilymph liquid (present throughout the inner ...
Elastic cartilage, fibroelastic cartilage or yellow fibrocartilage [1] is a type of cartilage present in the pinnae (auricles) of the ear giving it shape, [2] provides shape for the lateral region of the external auditory meatus, [3] medial part of the auditory canal [3] Eustachian tube, corniculate and cuneiform laryneal cartilages, [3] and the epiglottis.