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Lisinopril is a medication belonging to the drug class of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, and heart attacks. [7] For high blood pressure it is usually a first-line treatment.
ACE inhibitors were initially approved for the treatment of hypertension and can be used alone or in combination with other anti-hypertensive medications. Later, they were found useful for other cardiovascular and kidney diseases [4] including: Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) [5] Heart failure (left ventricular systolic dysfunction) [6]
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. [1][2] Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME). [3][4]
Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin (/ ˈrɪtəlɪn / RIT-ə-lin) and Concerta (/ kənˈsɜːrtə / kən-SUR-tə) among others, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used medically to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, narcolepsy.
CYP2C9. Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 (abbreviated CYP2C9) is an enzyme protein. The enzyme is involved in the metabolism, by oxidation, of both xenobiotics, including drugs, and endogenous compounds, including fatty acids. In humans, the protein is encoded by the CYP2C9 gene. [5][6] The gene is highly polymorphic, which affects ...
Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide. Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Zestoretic among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension). [2] It contains lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, and hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic. [2][3] Typically, it becomes an option once a ...
Minoxidil is a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure and pattern hair loss. [5][6][7] It is an antihypertensive and a vasodilator. [10] It is available as a generic medication by prescription in oral tablet form and over the counter as a topical liquid or foam. [8][9][11][12]
Due to the diversion of amino-acids to glucose, they are considered anti-anabolic, and long term therapy can cause muscle wasting (muscle atrophy). [24] Besides muscle atrophy, steroid myopathy includes muscle pains (myalgias), muscle weakness (typically of the proximal muscles), serum creatine kinase normal, EMG myopathic, and some have type ...