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The pH scale typically stretches from zero to 14, passing through a neutral pH7 (freshly distilled water). Strong acids have a low pH, while alkaline chemicals, such as bleach and liquid drain cleaner, have a high pH. The scale was invented in 1909 by a Danish biochemist called Søren Sørensen.
A really high concentration of sodium hydroxide in water can have a pH of 15, which means there’s only 1 hydrogen for every 100 million hydroxide ions. But something strange happens with compounds that have an even higher affinity for hydrogen ions.
Acids are widely considered to be the scariest chemical compounds of all because of their corrosive nature—but bases can in fact be just as powerful. Most po...
According to this case report and literature review, the lowest published arterial pH of an adult who survived cardiac arrest with neurologic recovery is 6.33. The caveat here is that this was a near-drowning victim, and the associated hypothermia provides neurologic protection.
The strongest base is ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion, but from what I understand pH doesn't really work well to measure superacids and superbases.
The deepest samples, most representative of the upwelling end-member water, have pH as high as 12.60. How do these waters achieve such high pH? While it is well known that serpentinization produces high-pH waters, these values are exceptionally high even for this setting.
For the record, you shouldn't. Based on the silvery-white metal antimony, with a pH of -31.3, it's 100,000 billion billion billion times more potent than stomach acid, and makes its rambunctious cousin sulfuric acid look as gentle as a vanilla milkshake with whipped cream and a cherry on top.
In technical words, the acid which dissociates completely into H+ ions in water will have the lowest pH value, while the base dissociates completely into OH- ions in water will have the highest pH value.
The pH range is commonly given as zero to 14, but a pH value can be less than 0 for very concentrated strong acids or greater than 14 for very concentrated strong bases. [2] The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement. [3]
If the concentration of hydrogen is very high, pH becomes slightly negative. Assuming the maximum density of hydrogen atoms is similar to liquid hydrogen (which is quite a stretch; liquid hydrogen is H2, while pH is about H+ in water solution), the minimal pH is about -1.85.