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Oligodendrocytes are metabolically active and functionally connected to the subjacent axon via cytoplasmic-rich myelinic channels for movement of macromolecules to and from the internodal periaxonal space under the myelin sheath.
Summary. Since Río-Hortega’s description of oligodendrocyte morphologies nearly a century ago, many studies have observed myelin sheath-length diversity between CNS regions [1–3]. Myelin sheath length directly impacts axonal conduction velocity by influencing the spacing between nodes of Ranvier. Such differences likely affect neural ...
In this review we discuss essential aspects of the cross-talk between oligodendrocytes and another glial cell type, the microglia, in maintaining myelin homeostasis, and also examine how this cross-talk is influenced under conditions of inflammation that often lead to myelin pathologies.
Aided by new genetic tools we created to perturb the actin cytoskeleton in specific cell types, we uncover a cellular mechanism used by oligodendrocytes to sculpt myelin sheath morphology:...
Unlike Schwann cells, a single oligodendrocyte can extend its processes to cover around 50 axons, [2] with each axon being wrapped in approximately 1 μm of myelin sheath. Furthermore, an oligodendrocyte can provide myelin segments for multiple adjacent axons.
We imaged 37 oligodendrocytes with complete myelin sheath loss at 3 hpt, which led to production of myelin debris (Fig. 1a and Extended Data Fig. 4a) and an associated macrophage/microglial...
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are the end product of a cell lineage which has to undergo a complex and precisely timed program of proliferation, migration, differentiation, and myelination to finally produce the insulating sheath of axons.
Oligodendrocytes express proteins that allow dendrites to respond to vesicular release at synapses, suggesting that axon-myelin contacts use similar communication mechanisms as synapses to form...
The central function of oligodendrocytes is to generate myelin, which is an extended membrane from the cell that wraps tightly around axons. Due to this energy consuming process and the associated high metabolic turnover oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to cytotoxic and excitotoxic factors.
Oligodendrocytes express proteins that allow dendrites to respond to vesicular release at synapses, suggesting that axon-myelin contacts use similar communication mechanisms as synapses to form myelin sheaths.