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The A blood type contains about 20 subgroups, of which A1 and A2 are the most common (over 99%). A1 makes up about 80% of all A-type blood, with A2 making up almost all of the rest. [38] These two subgroups are not always interchangeable as far as transfusion is concerned, as some A2 individuals produce antibodies against the A1 antigen.
Rh negative blood types are much less common in Asian populations (0.3%) than they are in European populations (15%). [19] The presence or absence of the Rh(D) antigen is signified by the + or − sign, so that, for example, the A− group is ABO type A and does not have the Rh (D) antigen. [20]
Blood compatibility testing is routinely performed before a blood transfusion.The full compatibility testing process involves ABO and RhD (Rh factor) typing; screening for antibodies against other blood group systems; and crossmatching, which involves testing the recipient's blood plasma against the donor's red blood cells as a final check for incompatibility.
Ethnic distribution of ABO (without Rh) blood types [75] (This table has more entries than the table above but does not distinguish between Rh types.) People group O (%) A (%) B (%) AB (%) Australian Aboriginals: 61: 39 0 0 Abyssinians: 43 27 25 5 Ainu 17 32 32 18 Albanians: 38 43 13 6 Great Andamanese: 9 60: 20 12 Arabs: 34 31 29 6 Armenians ...
The term human blood group systems is defined by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) as systems in the human species where cell-surface antigens—in particular, those on blood cells—are "controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them", [1] and include the common ABO and Rh ...
The Rh blood group system is a human blood group system. It contains proteins on the surface of red blood cells. After the ABO blood group system, it is the most likely to be involved in transfusion reactions. The Rh blood group system consisted of 49 defined blood group antigens [1] in 2005.