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  2. Hill cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_cipher

    Hill's cipher machine, from figure 4 of the patent. In classical cryptography, the Hill cipher is a polygraphic substitution cipher based on linear algebra.Invented by Lester S. Hill in 1929, it was the first polygraphic cipher in which it was practical (though barely) to operate on more than three symbols at once.

  3. Polygraphic substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygraphic_substitution

    In 1929, Lester S. Hill developed the Hill cipher, which uses matrix algebra to encrypt blocks of any desired length. However, encryption is very difficult to perform by hand for any sufficiently large block size, although it has been implemented by machine or computer. This is therefore on the frontier between classical and modern cryptography.

  4. Lester S. Hill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_S._Hill

    Cryptography in an Algebraic Alphabet (1929) [4] Lester S. Hill (1891–1961) was an American mathematician and educator who was interested in applications of mathematics to communications . He received a bachelor's degree (1911) and a master's degree (1913) from Columbia College and a Ph.D. from Yale University (1926).

  5. Round (cryptography) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_(cryptography)

    For example, encryption using an oversimplified three-round cipher can be written as = ((())), where C is the ciphertext and P is the plaintext. Typically, rounds R 1 , R 2 , . . . {\displaystyle R_{1},R_{2},...} are implemented using the same function, parameterized by the round constant and, for block ciphers , the round key from the key ...

  6. Classical cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_cipher

    A well-known example of a substitution cipher is the Caesar cipher. To encrypt a message with the Caesar cipher, each letter of message is replaced by the letter three positions later in the alphabet. Hence, A is replaced by D, B by E, C by F, etc. Finally, X, Y and Z are replaced by A, B and C respectively.

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    Maui, Hawaii: Ala Kukui “Ala Kukui” means “the pathway of illumination”, and it’s the perfect meditation retreat for healing your inner spirit and ensuring harmony.

  8. Integral cryptanalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_cryptanalysis

    In cryptography, integral cryptanalysis is a cryptanalytic attack that is particularly applicable to block ciphers based on substitution–permutation networks.It was originally designed by Lars Knudsen as a dedicated attack against Square, so it is commonly known as the Square attack.

  9. Hegseth’s name has been submitted for FBI background check ...

    www.aol.com/news/hegseth-name-submitted-fbi...

    Pete Hegseth’s name has been submitted to the FBI for a background check, his attorney told CNN Thursday, as some lawmakers call for more vetting of President-elect Donald Trump’s pick to run ...