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The average speed over a finite time interval is the total distance travelled divided by the time duration. Average speed As an example, a bowling ball's speed when first released will be above its average speed, and after decelerating because of friction, its speed when reaching the pins will be below its average speed.
Calculus gives the means to define an instantaneous velocity, a measure of a body's speed and direction of movement at a single moment of time, rather than over an interval. One notation for the instantaneous velocity is to replace Δ {\displaystyle \Delta } with the symbol d {\displaystyle d} , for example, v = d s d t . {\displaystyle v ...
In terms of a displacement-time (x vs. t) graph, the instantaneous velocity (or, simply, velocity) can be thought of as the slope of the tangent line to the curve at any point, and the average velocity as the slope of the secant line between two points with t coordinates equal to the boundaries of the time period for the average velocity.
Equation [3] involves the average velocity v + v 0 / 2 . Intuitively, the velocity increases linearly, so the average velocity multiplied by time is the distance traveled while increasing the velocity from v 0 to v, as can be illustrated graphically by plotting velocity against time as a straight line graph. Algebraically, it follows ...
It is an alternative to ordinary velocity, the distance per unit time where both distance and time are measured by the observer. The two types of velocity, ordinary and proper, are very nearly equal at low speeds. However, at high speeds proper velocity retains many of the properties that velocity loses in relativity compared with Newtonian theory.
A similar fact also holds true for the velocity vs. time graph. The slope of a velocity vs. time graph is acceleration, this time, placing velocity on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. Again the slope of a line is change in over change in :
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From the equation for uniform linear acceleration, the distance covered = + for initial speed =, constant acceleration (acceleration due to gravity without air resistance), and time elapsed , it follows that the distance is proportional to (in symbols, ), thus the distance from the starting point are consecutive squares for integer values of time elapsed.