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In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology (from Greek: δέον, 'obligation, duty' + λόγος, 'study') is the normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules and principles, rather than based on the consequences of the action. [1]
A civil wrong or wrong is a cause of action under civil law. Types include tort, breach of contract and breach of trust. [1] Something that amounts to a civil wrong is wrongful. A wrong involves the violation of a right because wrong and right are contrasting terms. [2]
Every action has a reason but not every action has a good reason. Only actions with good reasons are considered rational. [34] For example, John's action of going to the fridge would be considered irrational if his reason for this is bad, e.g. because his belief that there is ice cream in the fridge is merely based on wishful thinking. [35]
Intellectualism dictates that the best action is the one that best fosters and promotes knowledge. Welfarism, which argues that the best action is the one that most increases economic well-being or welfare. Preference utilitarianism, which holds that the best action is the one that leads to the most overall preference satisfaction.
Affirmative action (also sometimes ... He says this is a false equivalence, since those opposed to affirmative action are motivated "not from any wrong done to [them] ...
An action is morally right if it is in tune with a person's obligations and morally wrong if it violates them. [103] Supererogation is a special moral status that applies to cases in which the agent does more than is morally required of them. [ 104 ]
In response to an accusation: "At least I didn't [worse action than accused action]." As a form of false choice: "Doing [undesirable action] is a lot better than [a worse action]." In response to unfair or abusive behaviour from a separate individual or group to the person: "I must have done something wrong if they treat me like this."
Rule utilitarianism is a form of utilitarianism that says an action is right as it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good, or that "the rightness or wrongness of a particular action is a function of the correctness of the rule of which it is an instance". [1]