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In 2023 Pironon and de Donato announced the discovery of a deposit they estimated to be some 46 million to 260 million metric tons (several years worth of 2020s production). [17] In 2024, a natural deposit of helium and hydrogen was discovered in Rukwa, Tanzania., [18] as well in Bulqizë, Albania. [19]
Plants use water to form biomass, but a 1967 study by Zebrowski, Ponticorvo, and Rittenberg found that the organic material in plants had less 2 H than the water source. [21] Zebrowski's research measured the deuterium concentration of fatty acids and amino acids derived from sediments in the Mohole drilling project .
Although pyrolysis of type II kerogen yields less oil than type I, the amount yielded is still sufficient for type II-bearing sedimentary deposits to be petroleum source rocks. Hydrogen:carbon atomic ratio < 1.25; Oxygen:carbon atomic ratio 0.03–0.18; Derived principally from marine plankton and algae; Produces a mixture oil and gas under heating
The model predicts the characteristics of hydrogen deposits based on where the gas has been found, in what quantities, and the rates at which natural processes are known to produce it.
The deposit is one of the world’s highest-grade deposits with more than 40% organic content and 66% conversion ratio into shale oil and gas. The oil shale is located in a single calcareous layer 2.5 to 3 metres (8.2 to 9.8 ft) in thickness and is buried at depths from 7 to 100 metres (23 to 328 ft). [ 6 ]
The source of these hydrocarbons (both gas and oil) may be the microbial mats and mangrove paleosoils, found in the sabkha sequence, that have total organic carbon up to 8.2% and hydrogen indices typical of marine type II kerogens. [9]
Microbial hydrogen production. Biohydrogen is H 2 that is produced biologically. [1] Interest is high in this technology because H 2 is a clean fuel and can be readily produced from certain kinds of biomass, [2] including biological waste. [3]
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