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The oldest extant book on the genealogy of the Safavid family is Safvat as-safa and was written by Ibn Bazzaz in 1350, a disciple of Sheikh Sadr-al-Din Safavi, the son of Sheikh Safi ad-din Ardabili. According to Ibn Bazzaz, the Sheikh was a descendant of a Kurdish man named Firooz Shah Zarrin Kolah who was from Sanjar, southeast of Diyarbakir.
This list includes the biological mothers of Safavid shahs. There were eleven shahs (kings) of the Safavid Empire in ten generations. Throughout 235-years history the shahs were all members of the same house, the house of Safavid.
The two sons eventually defected to India and joined the court of Akbar, Humayun's son, where they formed the Bahrami cadet branch of the Safavid dynasty. They became one of the most prominent families in the Mughal court, with frequent marital alliances with the imperial family and holding prestigious positions in the court.
After the establishment of Safavid rule, official genealogies traced the lineage of Firuz Shah Zarrin-Kolah to the seventh of the Twelver Imams, Musa al-Kazim. In the Silsilat-an-Nasab-i Safaviya, composed during the reign of Suleiman I (1667–1694) and written by Shah Hussab ibn Abdal Zahidi, the ancestry of the Safavid is traced back to Ali. [4]
The Safavid Kings themselves claimed to be sayyids, [16] family descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, although many scholars have cast doubt on this claim. [17] There seems now to be a consensus among scholars that the Safavid family hailed from Iranian Kurdistan, [5] and later moved to Iranian Azerbaijan, finally settling in the 11th century CE at Ardabil.
Shaykh Junayd (died 1460) (Persian: شیخ جنید Shaykh Junayd) was the son of Shaykh Ibrahim, grandson of Shaykh Ali Safavi, father of Shaykh Haydar and grandfather of the founder of Safavid dynasty, Shah Ismail I. After the death of his father, he assumed the leadership of the Safaviyya from 1447–1460.
In 1501 the Sufi order he founded became the ruling family in Safavid Iran, but they converted to Shi`ism while at the same time continuing their role as head of the order. Certain elements in the Safvat as-safa , particularly Shaykh Safi's genealogy and his religious views, became inconsistent with the Safavid dynasty's self-image.
The male lineage of the Safavid family given by the oldest manuscript of the Safwat as-Safa is:"(Shaykh) Safi al-Din Abul-Fatah Ishaaq the son of Al-Shaykh Amin al-Din Jebrail the son of al-Saaleh Qutb al-Din Abu Bakr the son of Salaah al-Din Rashid the son of Muhammad al-Hafiz al-Kalaam Allah the son of Javaad the son of Pirooz al-Kurdi al ...