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Permineralization is a process of fossilization of bones and tissues in which mineral deposits form internal casts of organisms. Carried by water, these minerals fill the spaces within organic tissue. Because of the nature of the casts, permineralization is particularly useful in studies of the internal structures of organisms, usually of ...
Tree remains that have undergone petrifaction, as seen in Petrified Forest National Park. In geology, petrifaction or petrification (from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra) 'rock, stone') is the process by which organic material becomes a fossil through the replacement of the original material and the filling of the original pore spaces with minerals.
Petrifaction is the result of a tree or tree-like plants having been replaced by stone via a mineralization process that often includes permineralization and replacement. [1] The organic materials making up cell walls have been replicated with minerals (mostly silica in the form of opal, chalcedony, or quartz). In some instances, the original ...
Petrified wood are fossils of wood that have turned to stone through the process of permineralization. [3] All organic materials are replaced with minerals while maintaining the original structure of the wood. The most notable example is the petrified forest in Arizona. [4]
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This process can occur in very small spaces, such as within the cell wall of a plant cell. Small scale permineralization can produce very detailed fossils. [73] For permineralization to occur, the organism must become covered by sediment soon after death, otherwise the remains are destroyed by scavengers or decomposition. [74]
Permineralization in vertebra from Valgipes bucklandi Diagenesis ( / ˌ d aɪ . ə ˈ dʒ ɛ n ə s ɪ s / ) is the process that describes physical and chemical changes in sediments first caused by water-rock interactions, microbial activity, and compaction after their deposition .
This process generally produces CO 2, water and a collection of simple nutrients like nitrate or phosphate that can then be taken up by other organisms. The above general form, when considering O 2 as the oxidant, is the equation for respiration.