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  2. Bipolar junction transistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor

    Simplified cross section of a planar NPN bipolar junction transistor. BJTs consists of three differently doped semiconductor regions: the emitter region, the base region and the collector region. These regions are, respectively, p type, n type and p type in a PNP transistor, and n type, p type and n type in an NPN transistor.

  3. Transistor diode model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_diode_model

    In a diode model two diodes are connected back-to-back to make a PNP or NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) equivalent. This model is theoretical and qualitative. This model is theoretical and qualitative.

  4. Extrinsic semiconductor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrinsic_semiconductor

    The most common BJTs are NPN and PNP type. NPN transistors have two layers of n-type semiconductors sandwiching a p-type semiconductor. PNP transistors have two layers of p-type semiconductors sandwiching an n-type semiconductor. Field-effect transistors (FET) are another type of transistor which amplify current implementing extrinsic ...

  5. Emitter-coupled logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emitter-coupled_logic

    The NPN output could drive PNP inputs, and vice versa. "The disadvantages are that more different power supply voltages are needed, and both pnp and npn transistors are required." [9] Instead of alternating NPN and PNP stages, another coupling method employed Zener diodes and resistors to shift the output logic levels to be the same as the ...

  6. Darlington transistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darlington_transistor

    Darlington Transistor (NPN-type) In electronics, a Darlington configuration (commonly called as a Darlington pair) is a circuit consisting of two bipolar transistors with the emitter of one transistor connected to the base of the other, such that the current amplified by the first transistor is amplified further by the second one. [1]

  7. Sziklai pair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sziklai_pair

    Alternately, if a germanium PNP device was used, it would have significantly different characteristics than the silicon NPN transistor. In the quasi-complementary topology, the performance of the lower pull pair, which uses a single NPN transistor, more closely matches the performance of the upper push pair, which consists of two NPN ...

  8. BC108 family - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BC108_family

    BC108 family transistors from various manufacturers (ITT, CEMI, SGS-ATES, Siemens) The BC107 , BC108 and BC109 are general-purpose low power silicon NPN bipolar junction transistors found very often in equipment and electronics books/articles from Europe, Australia [ 1 ] and many other countries from the 1960s.

  9. 2N3904 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2N3904

    The 2N3904 is a common NPN bipolar junction transistor used for general-purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. [1] [2] [3] It is designed for low current and power, medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It is complementary to the 2N3906 PNP transistor. Both types were registered by Motorola Semiconductor in ...