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2-dimensional section of Reeb foliation 3-dimensional model of Reeb foliation. In mathematics (differential geometry), a foliation is an equivalence relation on an n-manifold, the equivalence classes being connected, injectively immersed submanifolds, all of the same dimension p, modeled on the decomposition of the real coordinate space R n into the cosets x + R p of the standardly embedded ...
A p-dimensional, class C r foliation of an n-dimensional manifold M is a decomposition of M into a union of disjoint connected submanifolds {L α} α∈A, called the leaves of the foliation, with the following property: Every point in M has a neighborhood U and a system of local, class C r coordinates x=(x 1, ⋅⋅⋅, x n) : U→R n such that ...
In mathematics, the Reeb foliation is a particular foliation of the 3-sphere, introduced by the French mathematician Georges Reeb (1920–1993). It is based on dividing the sphere into two solid tori , along a 2- torus : see Clifford torus .
In other words, every point admits a foliation chart, i.e. the distribution is tangent to the leaves of a foliation. Moreover, this local characterisation coincides with the definition of integrability for a G {\displaystyle G} -structures , when G {\displaystyle G} is the group of real invertible upper-triangular block matrices (with ( n × n ...
In the three-dimensional case, the subspace consists of all vectors perpendicular to the rotation axis (the invariant direction, with eigenvalue 1). Thus we can extract from any 3 × 3 rotation matrix a rotation axis and an angle, and these completely determine the rotation.
If the Hopf fibration is treated as a vector field in 3 dimensional space then there is a solution to the (compressible, non-viscous) Navier–Stokes equations of fluid dynamics in which the fluid flows along the circles of the projection of the Hopf fibration in 3 dimensional space. The size of the velocities, the density and the pressure can ...
Intersection lineations are linear structures formed by the intersection of any two surfaces in a three-dimensional space. The trace of bedding on an intersecting foliation plane commonly appears as colour stripes generally parallel to local fold's hinges. Intersection lineations can also be due to the intersection of two foliations.
Hyperbolic geometry is the most rich and least understood of the eight geometries in dimension 3 (for example, for all other geometries it is not hard to give an explicit enumeration of the finite-volume manifolds with this geometry, while this is far from being the case for hyperbolic manifolds).