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The English meditation is derived from Old French meditacioun, in turn from Latin meditatio from a verb meditari, meaning "to think, contemplate, devise, ponder". [11] [12] In the Catholic tradition, the use of the term meditatio as part of a formal, stepwise process of meditation goes back to at least the 12th-century monk Guigo II, [12] [13] before which the Greek word theoria was used for ...
The Dhyāna sutras (Chinese: 禪經 chan jing) (Japanese 禅経 zen-gyo) or "meditation summaries" (Chinese: 禪要) or also known as The Zen Sutras are a group of early Buddhist meditation texts which are mostly based on the Yogacara [note 1] meditation teachings of the Sarvāstivāda school of Kashmir circa 1st-4th centuries CE. [1]
Date Event 383 BCE or c. 330 BCE [4]: The Second Buddhist council is convened by Kalasoka of the Shishunaga dynasty and held in Vaishali.The Sangha divides into the Sthaviravadins and the Mahasanghikas led by the monk Mahādeva, primarily over the question of addition or subtraction of rules from the Vinaya.
Vipassana/Insight meditation is classed as a "deconstructive" form of meditation by Buddhist scholar and scientist Cortland Dahl and coauthors. [25] Psychology researchers differ as to whether an association exists between unpleasant meditation-related experiences and deconstructive meditation types; a recent study noted that their sample size ...
Vipassana meditation, presented as a centuries-old meditation system, was a 19th-century reinvention, [135] which gained popularity in south-east due to the accessibility of the Buddhist sutras through English translations from the Pali Text Society. [118] It was brought to western attention in the 19th century by the Theosophical Society.
Meditation and contemplation are preceded by preparatory practices. [2] As described in the Noble Eightfold Path, right view leads to leaving the household life and becoming a wandering monk. Sila, morality, comprises the rules for right conduct. Sense restraint and right effort, c.q. the four right efforts, are important preparatory practices.
This page was last edited on 24 December 2021, at 18:42 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0; additional terms may apply.
Sagarmal Jain divides the history of Jaina yoga and meditation into five stages, 1. pre-canonical (before sixth century BCE), 2. canonical age (fifth century BCE to fifth century CE), 3. post-canonical (sixth century CE to twelfth century CE), 4. age of tantra and rituals (thirteenth to nineteenth century CE), and 5. modern age (20th century on). [3]