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As of 2012, 2.5 million "frac jobs" had been performed worldwide on oil and gas wells, over one million of those within the U.S. [7] [8] Such treatment is generally necessary to achieve adequate flow rates in shale gas, tight gas, tight oil, and coal seam gas wells. [9] Some hydraulic fractures can form naturally in certain veins or dikes. [10]
Subsalt: Refers to oil prospects that lie below a salt layer. [7] Toolhand: Refers to a third party (down hole services provider) service representative or field service supervisor with "tools" to be run and operated in a well. Toolpusher: The boss of a drilling rig, working under the drilling superintendent or the corporation the rig is ...
Hydraulic fracturing [a] is a well stimulation technique involving the fracturing of formations in bedrock by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum ...
Flowback from oil and gas wells is usually disposed of deep underground in Class II injection wells, but in Pennsylvania, much of the wastewater from hydraulic fracturing operations is processed by public sewage treatment plants. Many sewage plants say that they are incapable of removing the radioactive components of this waste, which is often ...
The first well to be fractured in Canada was the discovery well of the giant Pembina oil field in 1953 and since then over 170,000 wells have been fractured. The Pembina field is a "sweet spot" in the much larger Cardium Formation, and the formation is still growing in importance as multistage horizontal fracturing is increasingly used.
There's just one problem: More oil requires more oil workers. By 2020, one industry report claims that the oil industry will have created an additional 1.3 million positions .