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  2. Translingualism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translingualism

    The word comes from trans-, meaning "across", and lingual, meaning "having to do with languages (tongues)"; thus, it means "across tongues", that is, "across languages". Internationalisms offer many examples of translingual vocabulary. For example, international scientific vocabulary comprises thousands of translingual words and combining forms.

  3. Glossary of botanical terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms

    Dry, one-seeded indehiscent fruit [11] in which the true fruit is not the so-called "berry", but the achenes, which are the so-called "seeds" on the infructescence, e.g. in the genus Fragaria. acicular Slender or needle-shaped. [11] See also Leaf shape. acropetal Moving from roots to leaves, e.g. of molecular signals in plants. acrophyll

  4. Language shift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_shift

    Due to language shift, ethnographic borders of Lithuanian language from the Middle Ages to the late 1930s shrank sharply to the north and west from the territory what is now Grodno oblast in Belarus, giving way to the spreading Polish and Belarusian languages, while in Prussian Lithuania out of 10 administrative units with prevailing Lithuanian ...

  5. Cultural diffusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_diffusion

    In cultural anthropology and cultural geography, cultural diffusion, as conceptualized by Leo Frobenius in his 1897/98 publication Der westafrikanische Kulturkreis, is the spread of cultural items—such as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languages—between individuals, whether within a single culture or from one culture to another.

  6. Glossary of language education terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_language...

    Active vocabulary (also called productive vocabulary) Vocabulary that students actually use in speaking and writing. Active Related to student engagement and participation. For example, listening is perceived to be a passive skill, but is actually active because it involves students in decoding meaning. Alphabet

  7. Multilingualism and globalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilingualism_and...

    Researchers accept that there are multiple categories of language, even as they often disagree on the explicit number of those categories. De Swaan's analysis of the world language system, which is arguably the most common analysis, distinguishes between five different types of languages, one of which is "English as global lingua franca. [2]"

  8. Metalinguistic awareness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalinguistic_awareness

    an awareness that language has the potential to go beyond the literal meaning, to further include multiple or implied meanings, formal structures like phonemes, syntax, etc. an awareness, therefore, of the flexibility of language through irony , sarcasm and other forms of word play

  9. Lexicology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicology

    Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that analyzes the lexicon of a specific language.A word is the smallest meaningful unit of a language that can stand on its own, and is made up of small components called morphemes and even smaller elements known as phonemes, or distinguishing sounds.