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The gateway drug effect (alternatively, stepping-stone theory, escalation hypothesis, or progression hypothesis) is a comprehensive catchphrase for the often observed effect that the use of a psychoactive substance is coupled to an increased probability of the use of further substances.
The LaGuardia Committee report was an official scientific report published in 1944 that questioned the prohibition of cannabis in the United States. [1] [2] The report contradicted claims by the U.S. Treasury Department that smoking marijuana deteriorates physical and mental health, assists in criminal behavior and juvenile delinquency, is physically addictive, and is a "gateway" drug to more ...
Over time, the marijuana gateway hypothesis has been studied more and more. In one published study, the use of marijuana was shown not a reliable gateway cause of illicit drug use. [67] However, social factors and environment influence drug use and abuse, making the gateway effects of cannabis different for those in differing social circumstances.
Dr. Brenzel, the medical director of Kentucky’s Department for Behavioral Health, Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities, which oversees drug treatment in the state, said he was unaware of any addicts who had used Suboxone as a gateway drug to other opioids.
The health effects of long-term nicotine use is unknown. [18] It may be decades before the long-term health effects of nicotine e-cigarette aerosol inhalation is known. [19] Short-term nicotine use excites the autonomic ganglia nerves and autonomic nerves, but chronic use seems to induce negative effects on endothelial cells. [20]
The two main theories, which are not mutually exclusive, are the phenotypic causation (gateway) model and the correlated liabilities model. The causation model argues that smoking is a primary influence on future drug use, while the correlated liabilities model argues that smoking and other drug use are predicated on genetic or environmental ...
The health effects of long-term nicotine use is unknown. [139] It may be decades before the long-term health effects of nicotine vapor inhalation is known. [267] It is not recommended for non-smokers. [11] Public health authorities do not recommend nicotine use for non-smokers. [81]: 58 The pureness of the nicotine differs by grade and producer ...
Overmedication can have harmful effects, such as non-adherence or interactions with multiple prescription drugs. ... health concern, as it can serve as a gateway to ...