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Timolol is a beta blocker medication used either by mouth or as eye drops. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] As eye drops it is used to treat increased pressure inside the eye such as in ocular hypertension and glaucoma . [ 3 ]
Dorzolamide/timolol, sold under the brand name Cosopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. [3] [5] [6] It is a combination of dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate. [3] It may be used when a beta blocker, like timolol, is not sufficient alone. [7] It is used as an eye drop. [3]
The most common side effect is conjunctival hyperaemia (increased bloodflow in the outer layer of the eye), which occurs in over 10% of people taking the drug. Side effects in less than 10% of people include other eye problems such as itching, foreign body sensation or dry eye, as headache or hyperpigmentation (darkening) of the skin around the eye.
Two prospective, randomized, double-blinded, phase III clinical trials were conducted at 53 sites in the United States to compare the IOP-lowering efficacy and safety of 0.2% brimonidine tartrate/0.5% timolol maleate fixed combination twice daily with 0.2% brimonidine tartrate three times daily or 0.5% timolol maleate twice daily in patients ...
Travoprost/timolol, ... It contains travoprost and timolol maleate. [4] It was approved for medical use in the European Union in April 2006. [4] References
[4] [5] It is also available in the fixed-dose combination medication brimonidine/timolol along with timolol maleate. [6] Common side effects when used in the eyes include itchiness, redness, and a dry mouth. [4] Common side effects when used on the skin include redness, burning, and headaches. [5]
While definitive sites of metabolism have not been firmly established, there are several metabolites worthy of note. N-Desethylbrinzolamide is an active metabolite of the parent compound, and thus exhibits carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity (largely carbonic anhydrase-I, when in the presence of Brinzolamide) and also accumulates in the erythrocytes.
The most common side effect is eye irritation felt as stinging or burning, which occurs in up to a third of patients. Blepharoconjunctivitis occurs in up to 5% of patients. Rarer adverse effects include keratitis, edema and increased lacrimation. [3] [4] Allergies are rare, but seem to be more common than under the related drug timolol. [2]