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In 1297, King Dinis of Portugal took personal interest in the development of exports and organized the export of surplus production to European countries. On May 10, 1293, he instituted a maritime insurance fund for Portuguese traders living in the County of Flanders, which were to pay certain sums according to tonnage, accrued to them when necessary.
Portuguese India Armadas and trade routes (blue) since Vasco da Gama's 1498 journey and the Spanish Manila-Acapulco galleons trade routes (white) established in 1568. As trade between India and the Greco-Roman world increased [76] spices became the main import from India to the Western world, [77] bypassing silk and other commodities. [78]
From the 11th to the 15th centuries, the Italian maritime republics of Venice and Genoa monopolized the trade between Europe and Asia. [6] The Cape Route from Europe to the Indian Ocean via the Cape of Good Hope was pioneered by the Portuguese explorer navigator Vasco da Gama in 1498, resulting in new maritime routes for trade. [7]
Main trade routes of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires. With the modern age, the Age of Exploration saw some transcontinental thalassocracies emerge. Anchored in their European territories, several nations established colonial empires held together by naval supremacy.
Dejima island in Nagasaki Bay, first Portuguese and then Dutch factory Canton "Thirteen Factories", c. 1820. Other European powers began to establish factories in the 17th century along the trade routes explored by Portugal and Spain, first the Dutch and then the English.
The Republic of Venice had gained control over much of the trade routes between Europe and Asia. After traditional land routes to India had been closed by the Ottoman Turks, Portugal hoped to use the sea route pioneered by Gama to break the Venetian trading monopoly. Portugal aimed to control trade within the Indian Ocean and secure the sea ...
The Japan voyage (viagem do Japão in Portuguese) was a trade route established by the Portuguese from 1550 to 1639, linking Goa, then capital of the Portuguese India, to Japan. [1] This lucrative annual trip was carried out under monopoly of the Portuguese crown, and was in charge of a Captain general.
Direct maritime trade between Europe and China started in the 16th century, after the Portuguese established the settlement of Goa, India in December 1510, and thereafter that of Macau in southern China in 1557. Since the English came late to the transatlantic trade, [15] their commercial revolution was later as well.