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A cloud base (or the base of the cloud) is the lowest altitude of the visible portion of a cloud. It is traditionally expressed either in metres or feet above mean sea level or above a planetary surface, or as the pressure level corresponding to this altitude in hectopascals (hPa, equivalent to the millibar ).
Humid air will generally result in a lower cloud base. In temperate areas, the base of the cumulus clouds is usually below 550 metres (1,800 ft) above ground level, but it can range up to 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) in altitude. In arid and mountainous areas, the cloud base can be in excess of 6,100 metres (20,000 ft). [12] Some cumulus mediocris ...
A typical cumulus cloud has a scale of less than 1 kilometre (0.62 mi), and would require a grid even finer than this to be represented physically by the equations of fluid motion. Therefore, the processes that such clouds represent are parameterized, by processes of various sophistication. In the earliest models, if a column of air in a model ...
the cloud IR emissivity, with values between 0 and 1, with a global average around 0.7; the effective cloud amount, the cloud amount weighted by the cloud IR emissivity, with a global average of 0.5; the cloud (visible) optical depth varies within a range of 4 and 10. the cloud water path for the liquid and solid (ice) phases of the cloud particles
Column hanging from the cloud base which can develop into a small funnel cloud. [13] Accessory clouds Pannus Accompanied by a lower layer of fractus species cloud forming in precipitation. Pileus Small cap-like cloud over parent cumulus cloud. Velum A thin horizontal sheet that forms around the middle of a cumulus cloud. [13] Mother clouds
ceiling balloon ("to determine the height of the base of clouds above ground level") ceilometer ("to determine the height of a cloud base") celestial coordinate system; celestial equator; celestial horizon (rational horizon) celestial navigation (astronavigation) celestial pole; Celsius; Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) (in ...
A tornado is a dangerous rotating column of air in contact with both the surface of the earth and the base of a cumulonimbus cloud (thundercloud), or a cumulus cloud in rare cases. Tornadoes come in many sizes but typically form a visible condensation funnel whose narrowest end reaches the earth and is surrounded by a cloud of debris and dust.
[2] [3] This scheme models cumulus cloud/environment interactions, entrainment and detrainment of air/moisture, cloud downdrafts, and subsidence outside of clouds. Additionally, this scheme assumes quasi-equilibrium, with cloud dissipation at a "rate sufficient to keep the atmosphere near equilibrium in the face of large-scale destabilization." [2]