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  2. Square-root sum problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square-root_sum_problem

    The main difficulty is that, in order to solve the problem, the square-roots should be computed to a high accuracy, which may require a large number of bits. The problem is mentioned in the Open Problems Garden. [4] Blomer [5] presents a polynomial-time Monte Carlo algorithm for deciding whether a

  3. Methods of computing square roots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing...

    A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...

  4. Square root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root

    Notation for the (principal) square root of x. For example, √ 25 = 5, since 25 = 5 ⋅ 5, or 5 2 (5 squared). In mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number y such that =; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or ) is x. [1]

  5. Sum of radicals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_of_radicals

    In mathematics, a sum of radicals is defined as a finite linear combination of n th roots: =, where , are natural numbers and , are real numbers.. A particular special case arising in computational complexity theory is the square-root sum problem, asking whether it is possible to determine the sign of a sum of square roots, with integer coefficients, in polynomial time.

  6. nth root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nth_root

    A square root of a number x is a number r which, when squared, becomes x: =. Every positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the two square roots of 25 are 5 and −5. The positive square root is also known as the principal square root, and is denoted with a radical sign:

  7. Wheat and chessboard problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat_and_chessboard_problem

    The wheat and chessboard problem (sometimes expressed in terms of rice grains) is a mathematical problem expressed in textual form as: If a chessboard were to have wheat placed upon each square such that one grain were placed on the first square, two on the second, four on the third, and so on (doubling the number of grains on each subsequent ...

  8. Tonelli–Shanks algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonelli–Shanks_algorithm

    Tonelli–Shanks cannot be used for composite moduli: finding square roots modulo composite numbers is a computational problem equivalent to integer factorization. [1] An equivalent, but slightly more redundant version of this algorithm was developed by Alberto Tonelli [2] [3] in 1891.

  9. Nested radical - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_radical

    In the case of two nested square roots, the following theorem completely solves the problem of denesting. [2]If a and c are rational numbers and c is not the square of a rational number, there are two rational numbers x and y such that + = if and only if is the square of a rational number d.

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