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Consider an NPN transistor circuit. During the positive half-cycle of the signal, the base is positive with respect to the emitter and hence the base-emitter junction is forward biased. This causes a base current and much larger collector current to flow. The positive half-cycle of the signal is amplified in the collector.
Ebers–Moll model for an NPN transistor. [28] I B, I C and I E are the base, collector and emitter currents; I CD and I ED are the collector and emitter diode currents; α F and α R are the forward and reverse common-base current gains. Ebers–Moll model for a PNP transistor Approximated Ebers–Moll model for an NPN transistor in the ...
Figure 1: Basic NPN common collector circuit (neglecting biasing details).. In electronics, a common collector amplifier (also known as an emitter follower) is one of three basic single-stage bipolar junction transistor (BJT) amplifier topologies, typically used as a voltage buffer.
The 2N3904 is a common NPN bipolar junction transistor used for general-purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. [1] [2] [3] It is designed for low current and power, medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It is complementary to the 2N3906 PNP transistor. Both types were registered by Motorola Semiconductor in ...
To make an NPN transistor, the anodes of both diodes are back-to-back connected to form a large P type base region. [1] Base biasing
The 2N3904 is an NPN transistor that can only switch one-third the current of the 2N2222 but has otherwise similar characteristics. The 2N3904 exhibits its forward gain (beta) peak at a lower current than the 2N2222, and is useful in amplifier applications with reduced I c , e.g., (gain peak at 10 mA for the 2N3904 but 150 mA for the 2N2222).
The voltage divider is formed using external resistors R 1 and R 2. The voltage across R 2 forward biases the emitter junction. By proper selection of resistors R 1 and R 2, the operating point of the transistor can be made independent of β. In this circuit, the voltage divider holds the base voltage fixed (independent of base current ...
Multiple-emitter transistors replace the diodes of diode–transistor logic (DTL) to make transistor–transistor logic (TTL), [1] and thereby allow reduction of switching time and power dissipation. [2] [3] cross section and symbol of a simple NPN bipolar transistor cross section and symbol of a multiple emitter NPN bipolar transistor