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It is unclear whether decreased levels of GABA or elevated levels of GHB are responsible for these seizures but alterations in these neurotransmitters and their receptor binding or neurotransmitter transport is hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of the seizures in this population. [5]
A GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI) is a type of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor for the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) by blocking the action of the gamma-Aminobutyric acid transporters (GATs). This in turn leads to increased extracellular concentrations of GABA and therefore an increase in GABAergic neurotransmission. [1]
Like other GABA-T inhibitors, γ-acetylenic GABA causes GABA levels in the brain to be elevated. This is due to 4-aminobutyrate transaminase being the enzyme that converts γ-aminobutyric acid to L-glutamate. Inhibiting the enzyme stops this conversion from happening.
DABA's main action is being an inhibitor of GABA transaminase, an enzyme that converts GABA back to glutamate. When the enzyme is inhibited, this conversion cannot happen, therefore, GABA levels are elevated. [1] It has also been observed that 2,4-diaminobutyric acid is a GABA reuptake inhibitor. [2] This action further elevates levels of GABA.
High titers of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) are well documented in association with stiff person syndrome (SPS). [35] Glutamic acid decarboxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and impaired function of GABAergic neurons has been implicated in the pathogenesis of SPS.
This leads to GABA impairment, which probably causes the stiffness and spasms that characterize SPS. [21] There are low GABA levels in the motor cortexes of SPS patients. [7] Why GAD autoimmunity occurs in SPS patients is unknown, [25] and whether SPS qualifies as a neuroautoimmune disorder has been questioned. [26]
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Vigabatrin reduced cholecystokinin tetrapeptide-induced symptoms of panic disorder, in addition to elevated cortisol and ACTH levels, in healthy volunteers. [12]Vigabatrin is also used to treat seizures in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD), which is an inborn GABA metabolism defect that causes intellectual disability, hypotonia, seizures, speech disturbance, and ataxia ...