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Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī, [2] also known as Bakhtiyar Khalji, [3] [4] was a Turko-Afghan [5] [6] military general of the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor, [7] who led the Muslim conquests of the eastern Indian regions of Bengal and parts of Bihar and established himself as their ruler.
The image, in the chapter on India in Hutchison's Story of the Nations edited by James Meston, depicts the Muslim Turkic general Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji's massacre of Buddhist monks in Bihar. Khaliji destroyed the Nalanda and Vikramshila universities during his raids across North Indian plains, massacring many Buddhist and Brahmin scholars.
Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji. Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji advanced towards Bihar with a mere 200 soldiers, yet he accomplished the relatively easy capture of one of its most heavily fortified forts, Udantapuri. [6] [7] While local inhabitants did resist the Ghurid general and his forces, resulting in significant casualties on both sides. Despite ...
Bakhtiyar Khalji, the general of Qutubuddin Aibak, launched a campaign to invade Tibet in the 13th century. [2] [3] Tibet was a source for horses, the most prized possession of any army, and Khalji was keen to control the lucrative trade between Tibet and India. Khajli's army commenced plundering the country around the Tibet region of the ...
Many places were destroyed and renamed. For example, Odantapuri's monasteries were destroyed in 1197 by Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji and the town was renamed. [95] Likewise, Vikramashila was destroyed by the forces of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji around 1200. [96] The sacred Mahabodhi Temple was almost completely destroyed by the Muslim invaders.
[19] [20] [21] As Bakhtiyar took the possession of the city, his men seized several horses and elephants along with enormous wealth. In the meantime, the main army of Bakhtiyar had overcome the guards and began to plunder the city. This plunder continued for three days. [22] Bakhtiyar moved on to Lakshmanavati, which he planned to make his capital.
Bakhtiyar Khilji became Sultan of Bengal, but was soon assassinated and succeeded by several Khalji rulers, until Bengal was incorporated into the Delhi Sultanate in 1227. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] Between 1206 and 1228 the various Turkic rulers and their successors rivaled for preeminence until the Sultan of Delhi Iltutmish prevailed, marking the advent ...
It prospered for about four centuries before it was destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji along with the other major centres of Buddhism in Eastern India around 1193. [7] Vikramashila is known to us mainly through Tibetan sources, especially the writings of Tāranātha, the Tibetan monk historian of the 16th–17th centuries. [8]