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Crustose lichens on a wall Growth of crustose lichen on a tree trunk. Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. [1] The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex layer, an algal layer ...
Cryptothecia rubrocincta is a crustose lichen, because it grows in the form of a surface crust. The thallus, or body of the lichen is spread out flat and can be either tightly to loosely attached to the growing surface. It is 0.15–0.30 mm thick, and can be smooth, or have low radiating ridges.
A crustose lichen, Caloplaca marina. Crustose is a habit of some types of algae and lichens in which the organism grows tightly appressed to a substrate, forming a biological layer. Crustose adheres very closely to the substrates at all points. Crustose is found on rocks and tree bark. [1]
A crustose lichen that grows on rock is called a saxicolous lichen. [37] [40]: 159 Crustose lichens that grow on the rock are epilithic, and those that grow immersed inside rock, growing between the crystals with only their fruiting bodies exposed to the air, are called endolithic lichens.
[23] [24] Crustose lichens lack a lower cortex, though most have an upper cortex. The photobiont layer lies just below the upper cortex. [25] Many crustose lichens have a ring of unlichenised fungal hyphae at their edges. This fringe, known as a prothallus, may be black, white or the same colour as the rest of the thallus. [26]
The Arthoniales is the second largest order of mainly crustose lichens, but fruticose lichens are present as well. [1] The order contains around 1500 species, [2] while the largest order with lichenized fungi, the Lecanorales, contains more than 14000 species.
Areolate – crustose, but divided into rounded or polygonal pieces by means of cracks. [104] Leprose – powdery or granular appearance. [104] Calicioid – crustose growth with small fruiting bodies which resemble sewing pins. [105] Placodioid – crustose in the centre and lobed at the periphery. [104] Foliose – flattened, leafy appearance ...
Phlyctis argena is a species of crustose lichen. [1] Description. Phlyctis argena has a thin crustose thallus that is white, greyish or green-grey in colour.